Summary
The tonsils contribute to the body’s defence against infection. In adults, tonsillitis can cause sore throat, fever and, occasionally, an abscess beside a tonsil. Tonsil removal may be considered for recurrent infections, previous abscesses, obstructive symptoms such as snoring or persistent bad breath caused by tonsil debris. The operation is usually performed under general anaesthesia. Rest, regular drinking and the prescribed pain relief are important during recovery. Fresh bleeding after the operation requires urgent medical attention.
Tonsil surgery in adults: information and treatment
This page explains inflammation of the tonsils and its treatment in adults. The approach used for children may be different.
What are the tonsils and what do they do?
Lymphatic tissue at the transition from the mouth and nose to the throat helps recognise organisms entering the body. It is found in several places:
- Nasopharynx: the adenoid lies behind the nose, above the soft palate.
- Throat: the palatine tonsils are visible at the back of the throat.
- Tongue: the lingual tonsil lies at the back of the tongue and rarely causes symptoms.
Removing the palatine tonsils does not usually have a noticeable effect on immunity because other lymphatic tissue remains throughout the body.
Symptoms of inflamed tonsils
Acute tonsillitis can cause sore throat, painful swallowing, fever and feeling generally unwell. Recurrent or chronic inflammation may contribute to fatigue, snoring, poor appetite and bad breath. Severe infection can lead to a peritonsillar abscess, with increasing pain, difficulty swallowing and high fever.
When might tonsil removal be considered?
- Recurrent infections: when episodes are frequent or medication does not provide sufficient relief.
- Peritonsillar abscess: after treatment of an abscess, surgery may sometimes be discussed to reduce the risk of recurrence.
- Snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea: large tonsils can narrow the airway during sleep.
- Persistent tonsil debris and bad breath: this may occasionally be a reason to consider treatment.
What happens during the operation?
The operation is usually performed under general anaesthesia. The tonsils are carefully separated from the surrounding tissue. Bleeding can occur after surgery, especially during the first hours, but the risk remains until healing is complete.
What can you expect after surgery?
Throat pain and difficulty swallowing are normal and can last for more than a week. Drink regularly and follow the pain-relief schedule supplied by the treating team. A small amount of old blood may be seen immediately after surgery; fresh or persistent bleeding requires urgent assessment. Return to work and normal activities only according to your recovery and the clinic’s advice.
Care at home and recovery
A grey-white coating forms where the tonsils were removed and is a normal part of healing. Drinking helps prevent dehydration. Some people find acidic, fizzy or dairy drinks uncomfortable. Plan adequate time to rest and attend any follow-up appointment arranged by the ENT specialist.
If you experience fresh bleeding, difficulty breathing, inability to drink or signs of dehydration, contact emergency medical services or the hospital immediately.
Important
This information is general and does not replace an individual medical assessment. Contact a doctor if symptoms are severe, sudden or persistent.
