Tonsils in children

Summary

What are the tonsils and what do they do? The tonsils are part of the lymphatic tissue that helps the body fight infections. This tissue includes the adenoid behind the nose, the palatine tonsils in the throat and the lingual tonsil at the back of the tongue.

Problems caused by the tonsils Enlarged or inflamed tonsils can cause recurrent sore throats, difficulty swallowing, snoring, ear infections and breathing problems.

When might removal be considered? Surgery may be considered when symptoms are severe, recur frequently or do not respond sufficiently to medication. The decision depends on the type, frequency and severity of the symptoms, as well as the child’s age and general health.

The operation The operation is performed under general anaesthesia. The technique may differ according to the child’s age and whether the adenoid, the palatine tonsils or both are treated. Many children can go home the same day.

Complications and recovery Bleeding can occur after surgery and needs urgent medical assessment. Temporary voice changes are also possible. Drinking regularly, resting and following the prescribed pain-relief plan are important. Recovery commonly takes about one week, although this varies between children.

More information about tonsil surgery in children

The tonsils help recognise organisms entering through the mouth and nose. When the tissue becomes repeatedly inflamed or enlarged, it can itself become a source of symptoms.

Symptoms of inflamed or enlarged tonsils An enlarged or inflamed adenoid can contribute to persistent nasal obstruction, snoring and ear problems. Inflamed palatine tonsils commonly cause sore throat, swallowing pain and fever. Some children have symptoms from both areas.

Reasons for surgery If medication and watchful waiting do not provide enough relief and the child is frequently unwell, the ENT specialist may discuss removing the adenoid, the palatine tonsils or both. The benefits and risks are considered for each child individually.

The procedure Surgery takes place under general anaesthesia. The exact method depends on the child, the symptoms and the tissue being treated. Discharge on the same day is common when recovery is uncomplicated.

After surgery Throat pain, reduced appetite and a small amount of old blood around the nose or mouth may occur immediately after the operation. Encourage frequent drinks and follow the medication instructions provided by the treating team. A grey-white coating where the tonsils were removed is a normal part of healing and usually disappears after about a week.

Aftercare and activities Regular small drinks are essential; ice lollies can sometimes help. Many children improve within a week and can gradually return to school and normal activities. Follow the clinic’s advice about swimming, sport and school attendance.

Seek urgent medical help for fresh bleeding, difficulty breathing, signs of dehydration or if you are worried about your child’s recovery. This information supports, but does not replace, the advice of the treating ENT specialist.